A comparative study on the temperature dependence of embryogenesis in three coregonids (Coregonus spp.) from Lake Constance     

Dr. Reiner Eckmann 《Aquatic Sciences - Research Across Boundaries》1987,49(3):353-362

Embroygenesis of the three coregonid forms Blaufelchen, Gangfisch, and Sandfelchen from Lake Constance was observed at five different constant temperatures in a static incubation system. The relationship between temperature and the time to reach 14 developmental stages from fertilization to hatching was established for the three forms. Relative to the total incubation time, pectoral fin flutter and eye movement start earliest in Gangfisch and latest in Blaufelchen. This might allow Gangfisch to tolerate lower oxygen concentrations during the last phase of embryogenesis than Blaufelchen. Developmental rates per day as a function of temperature can be calculated by a power function. A model is presented which permits to predict the time of mass hatching for embryos which are incubated at fluctuating temperatures. The total incubation times for the three coregonids of Lake Constance are short as compared to those of other coregonids. This is interpreted as an adaptation to the specific thermal environment of each coregonid stock which helps to ensure larval survival in the respective habitat.  相似文献   

Host rock compositional controls on zircon trace element signatures in metabasites from the Austroalpine basement   总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11  

Bernhard Schulz  Reiner Klemd 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》2006,70(3):697-710

Zircon populations of Neoproterozoic and early Paleozoic age occur in metabasites of a high-pressure amphibolite-facies unit of the Austroalpine basement south of the Tauern Window. The host rocks for these zircons are eclogitic amphibolites of N-MORB-type character, hornblende gneisses with volcanic-arc basalt signature, and alkaline within-plate-basalt amphibolites. Bulk rock magmatic trace element patterns were preserved during amphibolite-facies high-pressure and subsequent high-temperature events, as well as a greenschist-facies overprint. Positive Ce and negative Eu anomalies and enrichment of HREE in normalized zircon REE patterns, as analysed by LA-ICP-MS, are typical for an igneous origin of these zircon suites. Zircon Y is well correlated to HREE, Ce, Th, U, Nb, and Ta and allows discrimination of compositional fields for each host rock type. Low Th/U ratios are correlated to low Y and HREE abundances in zircon from low bulk Th/U host rocks. This is likely a primary igneous characteristic that cannot be attributed to metamorphic recrystallization. Variations of zircon/host rock element ratios confirm that ionic radii and charges control abundances of many trace elements in zircon. The trace element ratios—presented as mineral/melt distribution coefficients—indicate a selectively inhibited substitution of Zr and Si by HREE and Y in zircon which crystallized from a N-MORB melt. Correlated host rock and zircon trace element concentrations indicate that the metabasite zircons are not xenocrysts but crystallized from mafic melts, represented by the actual host rocks.  相似文献   

俯冲洋岛玄武岩脱水释放的水流体成分：来自西天山榴辉岩相高压脉的约束     

熊贤明  高俊  Reiner KLEMD  黄德志 《岩石学报》2006,22(1):103-114

俯冲洋壳的脱水作用对于岛弧火山岩的成因具有重要意义。西天山高压低温变质带中切割主岩蓝片岩/榴辉岩的榴辉岩相脉体记录了古生代俯冲带中的脱水过程。脉体具有典型高压矿物组合：石榴石(＞8%)+绿辉石(15%)+石英(＞55%)+蓝闪石(5%)+冻蓝闪石(10%)±黝帘石±方解石。高压脉及其主岩的岩相学与矿物化学研究表明流体是在俯冲过程中蓝片岩向榴辉岩进变质条件下释放。脉的主量元素成分显示流体富Si。主岩的稀土元素和微量元素表明其原岩为洋岛玄武岩(OIB)。脉和主岩具有相似的微量元素配分模式,并且相对N-MORB都显示富Li、Be、Cs、Rb、Ba、Pb、La的特点。通过模拟计算,在高压脉、与脉平衡的流体以及模拟的原生流体中都富集流体活动性元素(Li、Be、Pb)和LILE(Cs、Rb、Ba),贫HFSE(Nb)和REE(Nd、Sm)。证实了在古生代南天山洋俯冲时洋岛玄武岩脱水释放出富Li、Be、LILE、La和Pb,贫HFSE和HREE的流体。  相似文献   

Different carbon reservoirs of auriferous fluids in African Archean and Proterozoic gold deposits? Constraints from stable carbon isotopic compositions of quartz-hosted CO2-rich fluid inclusions     

Volker Lüders  Reiner Klemd  Thomas Oberthür  Birgit Plessen 《Mineralium Deposita》2015,50(4):449-454

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Ein theoretisches Modell für den Jahresgang der meridionalen Ozonverteilung in der Stratosphäre     

Dr. Reiner Gebhart 《Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics》1971,20(3):247-276

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Tectonic evolution and metallogeny of the Chinese Altay and Tianshan by J. Mao,R.J. Goldfarb,R. Seltmann,D. Wang,W. Xiao,C. Hart (eds)     

Reiner?KlemdEmail author 《Mineralium Deposita》2004,39(4):521-522

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Oxygen Utilization and Organic Carbon Remineralization in the Upper Water Column of the Pacific Ocean     

Richard A. Feely  Christopher L. Sabine  Reiner Schlitzer  John L. Bullister  Sabine Mecking  Dana Greeley 《Journal of Oceanography》2004,60(1):45-52

As a part of the JGOFS synthesis and modeling project, researchers have been working to synthesize the WOCE/JGOFS/DOE/NOAA global CO₂ survey data to better understand carbon cycling processes in the oceans. Working with international investigators we have compiled a Pacific Ocean data set with over 35,000 unique samples analyzed for at least two carbon species, oxygen, nutrients, chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) tracers, and hydrographic parameters. We use these data here to estimate in-situ oxygen utilization rates (OUR) and organic carbon remineralization rates within the upper water column of the Pacific Ocean. OURs are derived from the observed apparent oxygen utilization (AOU) and the water age estimates based on CFCs in the upper water and natural radiocarbon in deep waters. The rates are generally highest just below the euphotic zone and decrease with depth to values that are much lower and nearly constant in water deeper than 1200 m. OURs ranged from about 0.02–10 μmol kg⁻¹yr⁻¹ in the upper water masses from about 100–1000 m, and averaged = 0.10 μmol kg⁻¹yr⁻¹ in deep waters below 1200 m. The OUR data can be used to directly estimate organic carbon remineralization rates using the C:O Redfield ratio given in Anderson and Sarmiento (1994). When these rates are integrated we obtain an estimate of 5.3 ± 1 Pg C yr⁻¹ for the remineralization of organic carbon in the upper water column of the Pacific Ocean. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

俯冲带流体——来自（超）高压变质岩石的证据     

高俊  李继磊  马智佩  Reiner KLEMD 《地质学报》2024,98(3):758-782

俯冲带是地球上岩浆活动、高压—超高压变质作用、中深源地震、壳幔物质交换、元素循环和铜金大规模成矿的集中发生场所。富水流体不仅调控了这些地质作用,而且也深刻影响了全球C、S等挥发分的循环。当蚀变大洋岩石圈及上覆沉积物进入俯冲带中深部（15~300 km）,伴随由葡萄石- 绿纤石相至超高压榴辉岩相的递进变质作用,含水矿物在不同深度的分解造成流体释放为一连续过程。除极端高地温梯度环境之外,大多数俯冲带洋壳释放的流体为富水流体。但,俯冲带不同深度所产生的流体特征有明显差异。出露于全球造山带的高压—超高压变质地体保存了分凝体、脉体、水压致裂角砾岩等流体作用的有力证据,绿辉石、石榴子石、绿帘石等矿物中原生流体包裹体为流体的直接记录。在俯冲带中等深度（＜65 km）,流体是溶质含量很低的含卤化物水溶液,可含CO2-3、SO2-4、HS-等组分,其所含Si、Al、Ca、Mg、Fe、Na主量元素溶质相当于海水中固化物量的2~3倍,并具大离子亲石元素（LILE）、轻元素（B、Li）富集和高场强元素（HFSE）亏损的特点。当深度≥65 km时,流体转化为类似于超临界性质的溶液,含CH4、C2H6、H2S等挥发分,其所含主量元素溶质显著增加,微量元素除LILE等外,还负载相当量的HFSE和过渡族成矿元素。俯冲带65~100 km深度,为富水流体向超临界流体转变的区间。这种流体具有“亚超临界”性质,发生了氧化还原性质和元素溶解能力的渐变,并伴随硬柱石和角闪石的最终耗尽。高压变质岩石及相关脉体的O、Sr、Nd和金属同位素示踪研究表明俯冲带流体的源区多样,有蚀变基性洋壳、地幔橄榄岩和沉积物,并保存了海底热液蚀变作用的印迹。流体以脉冲方式沿网络状裂隙呈隧道式运移和传输,规模可达千米级,时间尺度在数月至数百年。目前通过高压—超高压变质岩的研究对俯冲带流体已经有了深入的了解,但展望未来,该领域依然有诸多争议和科学问题值得探索。  相似文献   

Seasonal and interannual variations in satellite derived sea surface temperature of the Baltic Sea in the 1990s     

Herbert Siegel  Monika Gerth  Reiner Tiesel  Gisela Tschersich 《Ocean Dynamics》1999,51(4):407-422

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Multipoint Observations of Solar Type III Radio Bursts from STEREO and Wind     

M. J. Reiner  K. Goetz  J. Fainberg  M. L. Kaiser  M. Maksimovic  B. Cecconi  S. Hoang  S. D. Bale  J.-L. Bougeret 《Solar physics》2009,259(1-2):255-276

The twin STEREO and the Wind spacecraft make remote multipoint measurements of interplanetary radio sources of solar origin from widely separated vantage points. One year after launch, the angular separation between the STEREO spacecraft reached 45°, which was ideal for locating solar type III radio sources in the heliosphere by three-spacecraft triangulation measurements from STEREO and Wind. These triangulated source locations enable intrinsic properties of the radio source, such as its beaming characteristics, to be deduced. We present the first three-point measurements of the beaming characteristics for two solar type III radio bursts that were simultaneously observed by the three spacecraft in December of 2007 and in January of 2008. These analyses suggest that individual type III bursts exhibit a wide beaming pattern that is approximately beamed along the direction tangent to the Parker spiral magnetic field line at the source location.  相似文献